El Niño Advisory Oceanic Niño Index +2.46 °C · very strong NOAA, 12 November 2026 Next update 10 December 2026
How's the Climate
Six-month climate outlook

Pakistan

The forecast leans towards a wetter-than-normal December–February in Pakistan (49% chance). Past El Niño years show no consistent rainfall pattern here.

Rainfall, Dec–Feb

Leaning wetter

14% drier · 37% normal · 49% wetter

Temperature, Dec–Feb

Likely warmer

78% chance of warmer than 1993–2016

Past El Niños, same season

No clear pattern

+21% rainfall on average, 1979-2025

Air quality, next days

197 Unhealthy

Worst day: Faisalabad, 18 November 2026

Happening now

Current events in Pakistan

World map

Not an official alert. Events from GDACS, NASA EONET and the Copernicus air-quality forecast, last 30 days.

Climate news

Headlines about Pakistan

All news

Found through the GDELT Project by climate words in the headline. We do not write or check these articles.

Seasonal outlook

The next six months

Odds of each outcome compared with the 1993–2016 average.

December–February

RainfallLeaning wetter
TemperatureLikely warmer

February–April

RainfallLikely wetter
TemperatureLikely warmer

Away from the tropics, seasonal rainfall forecasts have limited skill. Treat small shifts in the odds as weak signals. “Normal” is the middle third of the model's own 1993–2016 range. Because the climate has warmed since then, “warmer” is the usual result almost everywhere.

Source: Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) seasonal forecasts, ECMWF system 51, country average. Method

Emissions and energy

What Pakistan emits, and how it makes electricity

Rankings

Pakistan emitted 211.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels and industry in 2025, 0.54% of the world total, or 0.8 tonnes per person. That is up 212% since 1990.

CO2, 2025

211.8 Mt

Per person

0.8 t

Since 1990

+212%

Since 2005

+62%

Chart of carbon dioxide emissions, 1990 to 202550100150200250212 Mt19902025

Electricity by source, 2025

  • Coal 15%
  • Gas 21%
  • Other fossil 9%
  • Nuclear 12%
  • Hydro 20%
  • Wind 3%
  • Solar 19%
  • Other renewables <1%

Source: Our World in Data, based on the Global Carbon Project, Ember and the Energy Institute (CC BY 4.0). CO2 from fossil fuels and industry; land use not included.

Air quality

Smoke and haze, next 4 days

Daily average fine particles (PM2.5) on the US EPA air-quality index.

197UnhealthyHighest forecast: Faisalabad, 18 November 2026 · PM2.5 121.6 µg/m³
Daily average PM2.5 and US EPA air-quality category by city
CityNov 15Nov 16Nov 17Nov 18
IslamabadCapital 95Moderate96Moderate108Sensitive120Sensitive
Karachi 75Moderate93Moderate85Moderate83Moderate
Lahore 140Sensitive119Sensitive155Unhealthy169Unhealthy
Faisalabad 170Unhealthy152Unhealthy177Unhealthy197Unhealthy
Saidu 73Moderate57Moderate57Moderate65Moderate

AQI: US EPA 24-hour PM2.5 scale (2024). Model forecast for an area of about 40 km, not a local measurement. Local levels can be higher or lower. Dates are UTC days. Source: Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, run 2026-11-14 00 UTC.

El Niño 2026–27

What past El Niños did here

Each season in El Niño years compared with all other years, 1979-2025, trend removed.

SeasonRainfallRainfall detailTemperature
Dec–Feb No consistent pattern (about 21% more rain on average) +0.1 °C
Jan–Mar No consistent pattern (about 24% more rain on average) -0.3 °C
Feb–Apr Wetter in 9 of 10 El Niño seasons (about 26% more rain on average) -0.6 °C
Mar–May Wetter in 8 of 8 El Niño seasons (about 36% more rain on average) -0.9 °C
Apr–Jun Wetter in 6 of 8 El Niño seasons (about 25% more rain on average) -0.9 °C
May–Jul No consistent pattern (about 3% more rain on average) -0.7 °C
Jun–Aug Drier in 6 of 8 El Niño seasons (about 25% less rain on average) +0.0 °C
Jul–Sep Drier in 8 of 9 El Niño seasons (about 33% less rain on average) +0.2 °C
Aug–Oct No consistent pattern (about 19% less rain on average) +0.0 °C
Sep–Nov No consistent pattern (about 14% more rain on average) -0.1 °C
Oct–Dec No consistent pattern (about 43% more rain on average) -0.2 °C
Nov–Jan No consistent pattern (about 19% more rain on average) +0.1 °C

Bars: brown is drier, teal is wetter; full width is ±100%. Source: ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Change Service); El Niño seasons from NOAA's Oceanic Niño Index. Method

Be prepared

What you can do

If it turns out wetter

  • Find out whether your home, school or workplace is in a flood-risk area, and know your evacuation route.
  • Clear gutters and drains before the rainy months.
  • Keep important documents, medicines and a torch in a waterproof bag.
  • After heavy rain, avoid walking or driving through flood water and follow local advice on drinking water and mosquito-borne disease.

If it turns out hotter

  • Check on older relatives, neighbours and anyone who lives alone during hot spells.
  • Drink water regularly, and avoid hard outdoor work in the hottest hours.
  • Know the signs of heat exhaustion (dizziness, headache, nausea) and when to get medical help.

On smoky or hazy days

  • Check the daily air-quality forecast and cut down hard outdoor exercise when it is 'Unhealthy' or worse.
  • A well-fitted N95 or KN95 mask reduces smoke exposure; cloth and surgical masks do much less.
  • Keep windows closed and use an air purifier with a HEPA filter if you have one.
  • People with asthma, heart or lung disease, older people, children and pregnant people should take extra care.
Sources

Data and citation

  • El Niño status: NOAA Climate Prediction Center, 12 November 2026.
  • Seasonal outlook: Copernicus Climate Change Service, Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) seasonal forecasts, ECMWF system 51, issued November 2026.
  • Air quality: Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, run 2026-11-14 00 UTC.
  • Past El Niños: ERA5 (Copernicus Climate Change Service), 1979-2025; NOAA Oceanic Niño Index.

Cite as: “Seasonal outlook for Pakistan”, How's the Climate, https://howstheclimate.org/country/pakistan/, updated 15 November 2026.

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